Endothelial Cells and Inflammation

Endothelial cells and inflammation: Endothelial cells line the lumen of blood and lymphatic vessels and form the interface between the vasculature and organs of the body. Endothelial activation encompasses a range of endothelial responses to inflammatory signals including changes in thromboresistance, altered vasomotor tone, and loss of barrier function. When activated, the endothelium quickly facilitates cellular trafficking. Leukocyte activation and transmigration is crucial for normal innate and adaptive immunity. The term endothelial dysfunction may be applied to states in which the endothelial cell phenotype poses a net liability to the host. The endothelial response to injury can result in vasoconstriction, vasodilatation, vascular leakage, and inflammation. Endothelial activation can transform the internal vascular surface from a nonadhesive barrier into one that recruits leukocytes, is procoagulant, and furthers the inflammatory process.